Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea was set up by the experts of the Caspian littoral states with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The discussion of the text of Convention was continued during the meetings held from 1995 to 2003, and was signed by the official representatives of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Kazakhstan, and Russian Federation in Tehran (Iran) on 4 November, 2003, and by the Republic of Turkmenistan on 7 November of the same year.
Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea is the first legally binding agreement reflecting the conditions of nature protection in the Caspian region, and certain organizational mechanism among the five Caspian coastal states. This document is based on several international principles including "polluter shall be borne", and data collection. The Convention, also called Tehran Convention connected with its signature and approval in this city, is aimed at the protection of the Caspian environment from all sources of pollution, as well as conservation and restoration of the marine environment of the Caspian Sea. The Convention also deals with the sustainable and rational use of biological resources of the Caspian Sea, environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring, and scientific researches.
According to the former UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, the signing of Tehran Convention was the significant achievement of the region, and ratification of such an important convention would serve for the health and welfare of hundreds of millions of people.
Upon the ratification by the five Caspian littoral states, Tehran Convention entered into force on 12 August, 2006, and since then, this date was celebrated as "Caspian Day".
The main objective of the celebration of "Caspian Day" is the mobilization of powers, and public enlightenment regarding the protection of Caspian environment from contamination, and conservation and reclamation, along with the sustainable and effective utilization of biological resources of the sea.
In view of the celebration of Caspian Day, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR) of the Republic of Azerbaijan plans to hold several events for the purpose of raising public awareness concerning the problems and protection of the Caspian Sea.
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